激光焊接機是集光能、電能、熱能等物理學大成的高科技產物，各部分自成系統，但又結緊密。在這些系統中，以下3個系統是基本，但又最為重要，缺一不可。

激光(guang)焊接機主要由3個基本系(xi)統組成：

      1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統：主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、蓄(xu)能網絡、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、觸(chu)發及預燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、操控(kong)(kong)板。晶(jing)閘管(guan)完成三相整流，用面板上的(de)升壓(ya)旋鈕調節氙燈(deng)直流工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)至(zhi) 400±5%伏。移相模塊(kuai)線路(lu)板除了(le)能產生(sheng)多(duo)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)外，板上的(de)觸(chu)發器控(kong)(kong)制分頻(pin)與(yu)脈寬(kuan)值，其參數由手動調節 RC 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或者程控(kong)(kong)調整的(de) PLC 方波確定。信號觸(chu)發 NE555 又經(jing)選通開關(guan)驅動 IGBT晶(jing)閘管(guan)的(de)B端。起燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)須通過短暫的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)高(gao)壓(ya)脈沖(chong)擊穿燈(deng)內(nei)氣(qi)體形成火花放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通道，而后保持氙燈(deng)預燃狀態宜用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流200mA 和約2KV高(gao)壓(ya)。腔內(nei)氣(qi)體經(jing)觸(chu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離，預燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)維持輝(hui)光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)IGBT開關(guan)截止(zhi)，燈(deng)管(guan)與(yu)蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網隔離，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容10mF/450V并(bing)聯成組(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)IGBT開關(guan)導通，蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網才向燈(deng)管(guan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

      2、光路系統(下圖是激光焊接機的光路系統示意圖)：電源系統向燈管放電產生脈沖激光，單脈沖氙燈激勵側面泵浦腔，光束經晶棒增透膜兩端一定路程反折放大，透射光經45°折反后垂直入射到可以 Z軸伸縮的防護套筒， 套筒內有一套孔徑光闌透鏡組調節出光窗口的聚焦光斑，最后才照到待焊接的精密零工件表面。

      3、循環冷(leng)卻(que)系統：激光經過激光腔產生(sheng)大(da)量的熱量和(he)泵(beng)浦的內(nei)反(fan)射，冷(leng)卻(que)系統主要作作就是(shi)消除(chu)聚光腔中產生(sheng)的熱量和(he)減(jian)少泵(beng)浦的內(nei)反(fan)射。

      當然，激光焊接機還有其他組成系統，比如自動化工作臺系統等，這些是可以根據生產需要來選配的。而上面列出的3個基本系統是每臺激光焊機必須要有的，缺少任何一部分都不能正常工作。